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Citing 101

Phil

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What Citing is:
Citing is accrediting resources that were used to support the information, statement or argumentative point within the respective sentence.

Why Citing it Important:
-It shows that the writer did research
-It helps avoid plagiarism
-It provides means of continuity toward learning

When to Use Citing:
-Essays
-Case Studies
-Dissertations
-Work-related emails
-Books, novels, magazine articles (with books, code citations with footnotes)
-Online articles in websites (regardless of intranet vs internet)

Where to Use Citing:
For APA: At the end of the sentence (unless there is more than one citation necessary within a given sentence)
Example: According to John P. Smith, Ottabean Otter Park in Nashville, Tennessee is home to about 5,000 otters (Smith, John P.; 2017); writer M. West argues that Ottabean Otter Park only has 4,000 otters (West, M.; 2018). Either way, 4,000 otters is a whole ton of critters.

Resources:
By keeping a list of citations with other information, one can use this list to transform it into a bibliography as well as the resources page. The main difference with a bibliography is that the listing should include a few sentences about why the resource was important to support the information the writer plans to write (or already has written).

The way in which one should list the resources will vary based on style (APA vs MLA vs Chicago vs etc). Based on my experience, at least half if not most the local institutions in my area prefer APA. The good news is that, most likely, if the instructor or teacher sees that the student was trying to cite and list all resources, there would be less of a question toward plagiarism.

Resource listings will also very based on the source (books vs websites vs magazines vs etc). But do not worry, there is good news, here too. For the most part, APA Style resource listings come down to identity. In other words, who wrote it, when did they publish it or when was it copyrighted, where was it found, what was the name of the resource, what edition it was and where it was published.

The two most common resource listings are usually websites and books.
Website article: Beasley, Drew (2018). Retrieved from:www.camping101.com/etc.etc.etc.yaddayadda//etc
Website, no author (Usually government-related websites): Census.gov (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.census.gov/popclock/world

Book with 1 Author: Smith, John P. (2017). How to live at peace with otters (3rd ed). Nashville: Otter Press Inc.

Continue learning:
I highly recommend the following resources:
-Purdue Owl. Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL.Purdue.edu (1995-2018) Retrieved from: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/purdue_owl.html
-Resources that mention compliance to APA Style, 6th Edition
-Peer-reviewed works: e.g., (2018), www.EBSCO.com
-MIT Sloan Management Review (1997-2018), https://sloanreview.mit.edu/
-Movies: Internet Movie Database (1990-2018), https://www.imdb.com/

What resource not to use::
Wikipedia... Please, just take my word for it. Most college professors will not accept essays that have referenced Wikipedia. The reason why is that the source of the information nor the accuracy there of is within appropriate validation. This is because anyone can post information without appropriately validating the work. The only exception might be Biology, but be sure to ask the instructor first.
Important tip: However, Wikipedia is usually a great place to start research because each article has more suitable resources at the bottom.


Yours in continuing education and for otters everywhere,

Phil.
 

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